parallel cinema
est. 1954 – 1990s
Indian cinema is often synonymous with Bollywood, known for its vibrant song and dance sequences and blockbuster entertainers. However, beneath the glitz and glamour lies another facet of Indian cinema that has quietly, yet significantly, contributed to the country’s cinematic legacy.
Origins of Parallel Cinema
As India gained independence from British colonial rule in 1947, the nation was at a crossroad. The roots of Indian Parallel Cinema can be traced back to this period, which was marked by great social, political, and cultural upheaval.
The movement itself gaining momentum in the mid 1950s and 1960s as new generation of filmmakers sought to break away from the formulaic, escapist narratives of mainstream cinema. They were inspired by the principles of Italian Neorealism, particularly its focus on realism and social commentary, as well as the French New Wave experimentation with narrative structures. The term “parallel cinema” is used because it represents a parallel or alternative path to mainstream cinema.
Characteristics and influential directors
At the heart of Parallel Cinema lies a commitment to portray the authenticity of Indian life. Filmmakers often utilized natural lighting, non-professional actors, and real locations to create a genuine atmosphere. The movement is inherently political, addressing issues such as poverty, caste discrimination, gender inequality, and class struggle. These films served as a powerful medium for advocacy and raising social awareness, placing a strong emphasis on well-developed characters and their emotional journeys.
Directors of this movement were unafraid to experiment with narrative structures, often challenging the traditional three-act format. This approach allowed for more nuanced and thought-provoking storytelling. Satyajit Ray, who is renowned for his “Apu Trilogy”, is often considered the pioneer of Parallel Cinema and the most important director from Indian subcontinent. His films portrayed the everyday lives of common people with profound insight and artistry.
Shyam Benegal’s “Ankur” (1974) marked a significant shift in Indian cinema, addressing the themes of rural India and social class dynamics with a sense of authenticity and empathy, which resonated with audiences across the nation.
Lasting Impact of Parallel Cinema
Indian Parallel Cinema left an indelible mark on Indian filmmaking and the world of cinema at large. It challenged the dominance of mainstream Bollywood cinema, paving the way for a new generation of filmmakers who sought to tell more meaningful and thought-provoking stories. Furthermore, Indian films with global recognition, such as “Lagaan” (2001) and “Court” (2014), incorporate elements of Parallel Cinema, demonstrating its enduring legacy.
Parallel Cinema is not just a film movement, it is a reflection of the dynamic, ever-evolving society of India. Through its realism, social commentary, and commitment to authentic storytelling, it has not only challenged the conventions of Indian cinema but also contributed significantly to the nation’s cultural and artistic identity. As we explore the world of cinema, let us recognize and celebrate the profound impact of Parallel Cinema in broadening our understanding of the complexities of Indian society, culture, and the human condition.
Please refer to the Listed Films for the recommended works associated with the film movement.