new german cinema
est. 1966 – 1980s
New German Cinema or Neuer Deutscher Film, is a film movement that started in the late 1960s, and thrived throughout the 1970s and 1980s. It represents a significant turning point in the history of German filmmaking. This movement not only reinvigorated the German film industry but also left a lasting mark on world and arthouse cinema.
Origins of the New German Cinema
New German Cinema was born out of the social and political upheaval of the 1960s in West Germany. The period of turbulence, saw a surge of student protests, anti-authoritarian movements, and a general desire for change. These social and political developments greatly impacted the cultural and artistic sphere, including the cinema.
At its core, the New German Cinema was a reaction against the commercial and formulaic productions that had come to dominate the German film industry in the post-war years. The movement’s pioneers, often young and unorthodox in their approach, aimed to challenge conventions and redefine the role of cinema in a rapidly changing German society.
The Oberhausen Manifesto of 1962 marked a pivotal moment in this context. Signed by 26 young filmmakers, the manifesto declared the death of the old cinema and the birth of a new, more dynamic film culture. This declaration set the stage for the New German Cinema, which would prioritize artistic freedom, social critique, and more meaningful exploration of human experiences.
Characteristics of the New German Cinema
One of the defining features of New German Cinema was its focus on autobiographical elements and historical reflection. Filmmakers drew heavily from their personal experiences and Germany’s complex history, particularly the legacy of the Nazi era and the societal changes of the post-war period. This introspective approach allowed for a nuanced exploration of themes such as guilt, memory, and identity, as well as a critique of contemporary social and political issues. The economic miracle, generational conflicts, terrorism, and the divided national identity during the Cold War were recurring topics in many films of this movement.
New German Cinema was marked by a willingness to experiment with narrative structure and visual techniques. Filmmakers employed nonlinear storytelling, innovative cinematography, and a blend of realism with surreal or symbolic elements to create films that were both thought-provoking and visually striking. This period also saw a focus on individualism, with many films portraying characters on a quest for identity and meaning in a rapidly changing world. This emphasis on the individual’s perspective resulted in highly personal and emotionally resonant stories.
Important filmmakers and their work
Rainer Werner Fassbinder was one of the most prolific and influential directors of the New German Cinema. His films frequently examined themes of power, exploitation, and human relationships, often set against the backdrop of a society in flux. Notable works such as “Ali: Fear Eats the Soul” (1974) and“The Marriage of Maria Braun” (1979) showcased his ability to blend social commentary with compelling character studies.
Werner Herzog, another key figure, became known for ambitious and physically demanding filmmaking. His explorations of human nature and the extremes of existence are evident in films like “Aguirre, the Wrath of God” (1972) and “Fitzcarraldo” (1982). Herzog’s work blurred the lines between documentary and fiction, creating a unique and immersive cinematic experience.
Wim Wenders brought a contemplative and existential quality to his films, focusing on themes of alienation, travel, and the search for identity. Notable films including “Alice in the Cities” (1974) and “Paris, Texas” (1984), captured the essence of modernity and global interconnectedness while maintaining a deeply personal touch.
Legacy and Influence of the New German Cinema
New German Cinema significantly aided a cultural resurgence in Germany during the 1970s. It mirrored the country’s evolving social and political landscape, and played a pivotal role in shaping a new, self-aware German identity.
In addition to its thematic and aesthetic legacies, the German New Cinema movement also contributed to the international recognition of German film. Many of its key directors, such as Werner Herzog and Wim Wenders, achieved global acclaim and helped creating the way for the broader acceptance of non-English language cinema in international markets.
The movement stands as an evidence of film’s capacity for artistic expression, cultural introspection and societal commentary. It brought new life into German filmmaking, and is still revered for its long-lasting impact on arthouse and cinema in general.
Refer to the Listed Films for the recommended works associated with the movement. Also, check out the rest of the Film Movements on our website.